بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيم 

Basic Pedagogy 

What is intelligence?

Human intelligence, mental quality that combines the skills of learning from experience, adapting to new situations, understanding and handling intangible concepts, and applying knowledge to give a person a place.

What Does IQ Stand For?

IQ means part of intelligence. This is a value that can be calculated by formula. 

IQ=-(mental age/actual age) x100.

What Is IQ?

IQ is a measure of an individual's ability to reason. In short, it is an estimate of how well a person can use information and logic to answer questions or make predictions.

"What does the IQ test measure?" You ask? They also measure how efficiently and quickly people can solve puzzles and remember the information they hear.

How to Test IQ?

What will be the IQ of 35 years old boy whose mental age is 20? 

IQ=-(mental age/actual age) x100.

IQ = (20 / 35) x 100 

IQ = 0.57 × 100

IQ = 57.14 

(Chronological age = real age or actual age)

The purpose of these tests is to guide people to increase their IQ score by adapting their education to IQ.

IQ Score Table: 

The scale of the IQ test may vary depending on the test. Below is a breakdown table for the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale IQ test scores: 

 

 

Education:

The word "Education" is a Latin word meaning Educere, Educare and Educatum. The word education means to nurture, to nurture. The word educere means to foam out. Latin "Education", which itself consists of two terms. "E" and "Duco".

The word "E" means to move from the inside out and "duco" means to progress or develop.

Now we come the definition of education:

"Positive change in the behavior or mindset of an individual, community or collective life according to the needs of the society" is called education.

Education and Learning:

✓ Learning is the process and education are the product. 

✓ Education is the process of imparting knowledge, values, skills and attitudes, which can be beneficial an individual. 

✓ Education, on the other hand, is acquired by individuals.

✓ Learning is an informal process while Education is a formal process.

✓ Learning is knowledge gained through experience, and Education is knowledge gained through teaching.

Modes/Types of Education:

Education transcends the space it occupies within the walls of the classroom. Based on these factors, a child learns from experiences outside the school as well as inside.

There are three main types of “Education”

• Formal Education
• Informal Education 
• Non-formal Education

1) Formal Education:

Formal education or formal education usually takes place on the school premises, where one can learn basic, educational, or business skills. Young children often go to nursery or kindergarten, but formal education often begins in elementary school and continues through secondary school. Post-secondary education (or higher education) is usually at a college or university that can offer an academic degree. Formal education is provided exclusively by qualified teachers who are considered experts in the art of teaching. It also observes strict discipline. Both the student and the teacher are aware of the facts and keep themselves busy in the process of teaching.

Distance education is part of formal education. Similarly, online courses are part of formal education. 

Examples of Formal Education:

✓ Learning in a classroom. 

✓ School grading/certification, college, and university degrees. 

Characteristics of formal education:

✓ Formal education is structured hierarchically. 

✓ It is planned and deliberate. 

✓ Scheduled fees are paid regularly. 

✓ Based on curriculum and subject. The curriculum must be submitted within the timeframe.

✓ It has a chronological grading system. 

✓ The child is taught by the teachers. 

Advantages of Formal education:

✓ An organized learning model and the latest course materials.

✓ In Formal Education, Students learn from trained and professional teachers.

✓ Structured and systematic learning process.

✓ Institutions are managerially and physically organized. 

✓ Leads to a formally recognized certificate.

✓ Easy access to jobs.

Disadvantages of Formal education: 

✓ The presence of both good and bad students in the classroom can lead to the risk of developing bad habits.

✓ Wastage of time as some lazy students may fail to lean properly in spite of motivation by the professional trainers. 

Some unprofessional and substandard education systems can lead to a waste of students' time and money, leading to frustration with formal education and a move towards non-formal education. 

2) Informal education:

Process of living is called informal education. Leaner social etiquettes, family or groups. Informal education is natural. It is long life. Everyone wants too aware.

Informal education may involve parents teaching a child how to prepare food or how to ride a bicycle. People can also get informal education by reading many books from educational websites or library.

Non-formal education occurs when you are not attending a school and do not use a particular method of learning. This type of education does not involve conscious effort. It is neither pre-planned nor deliberate. It can be learned at home, hotel or marketplace. Unlike formal education, non-formal education is not provided through an institution such as a school or college. Non-formal education is not provided as per schedule. No fixed curriculum is required. Non-formal education consists of experiences and, in fact, living in a family or community.

Examples of Informal Education: 

✓ Teach your child some basic things like numeric numbers.

✓ Someone learning his/her mother tongue. 

✓ Unconventional kind of learning, "If a person standing in a bank learns from someone how to open and maintain a bank account". 

Characteristics of Informal Education: 

✓ It is independent of boundary walls.

✓ There is no fee because we get non-formal education through daily experience and learning new things.

✓ It has no definite syllabus.

✓ This is a natural lifelong process.

✓ You can get the Informal Education from any source like media, life experiences, friends, family etc. 

Advantages of Informal Education:  

✓ More naturally learning process as you can learn at anywhere and at y time from your daily experience.

✓ It involves activities like individual and personal research on a top of interest for themselves by utilizing books, libraries, social media, internet or getting assistance from informal trainers.

✓ Utilizes a variety of techniques. 

✓ No specific time span.

✓ Less costly and time-efficient learning process.

✓ There is no need to hire experts as most professionals can be ready to share their valuable knowledge with students / people through social media and internet.

✓ Learners need information from books, TV, radio or conversations with friends / family members.

Disadvantages of Informal Education: 

✓ Information acquired from the internet, social media, TV, radio or conversations with friends/family member may lead to the disinformation.  

✓ Utilized techniques may not be appropriate. 

✓ No proper schedule/time span. 

✓ Lack of confidence in the learner. 

3) Non-formal education:

Non-formal to sometime arrange or sometime not arrange. It has also ruled but the rules of this form of education are flexible. Social institutions develop to train people to fight where welfare become a specialize work. Mosque and Church are informal institutions. 

Non-formal education includes basic adult education, adult basic education or preparation for school equity. In Non-formal education, someone (out of school) can learn to read and write, other basic skills or work skills. Home education, personalized instruction (such as programmed learning), grade reading and computer-assisted instruction are some of the things that can happen. 

Non-formal education is provided consciously and intentionally and systematically. It should be organized for a homogeneous group. An informal, educational program should be developed to meet the needs of the identified group. This will require flexibility in the curriculum design and evaluation scheme.

Examples of Non-formal Education: 

✓ The Boy Scouts and Girl Guides develop some sports programs, such as swimming, which is a non-formal education. 

✓ Fitness programs. 

✓ Community-based adult education courses. 

Characteristics of Non-formal Education: 

✓ Non-formal education is planned and is separate from the school system. 

✓ Non-formal education has no age limit. 

✓ Non-formal can be a full or part time apprenticeship and one can earn and learn together. 

✓ Non-formal involves learning of professional skills.  

Advantages of Non-formal Education: 

✓ Practiced and vocational training.

✓ Flexibility in age, curriculum and time.

✓ No need to conduct regular exams.

✓ Diploma, certificates, and award are not essential to be awarded.

Disadvantages of Non-formal Education: 

✓ Attendance of participants is unsteady.

✓ No professional and trained teachers. 

✓ Students may not enjoy the full confidence that regular students enjoy.