Taxila: A Window into Ancient History and Culture

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيم 

 Taxila: A Window into Ancient History and Culture

From the ancient Neolithic tumulus of Saraikala to the ramparts of Sirkap, (200 B.C.), to the city of Sirsukh, dating from the 1st century A.D., Taxila illustrates the different stages in the development of a city on the Indus, alternately influenced by Persia, Greece and Central Asia and which, from the 5th century B.C. to the 2nd century A.D., was an important Buddhist center of learning. Taxila was inscribed in the World Heritage List in 1980.

The remains of the Buddhist establishments associated with Taxila are spread over several kilometers on all sides. The large scale archaeological excavations in the valley, exposed vast areas of ancient structures. Most of these are built in lime stone masonry. Measures for conservation taken soon after the excavations largely stabilized the structures. The wild growth of vegetation, weeds, lichen, fungus, mosses, atmospheric pollution etc. are largely responsible for the deterioration, and still pose major problems in conservation.

In a workshop sponsored recently by UNESCO, the concerned officials were imparted training to deal with these problems. Lately, the Taxila Valley has also become the hub of industrial activity, and several industrial units have been set up in the valley. Moreover, the rapid increase in population is posing new threats to the monuments. To deal with such problems, the Government of Pakistan has established a 'protected zone', which covers all the important areas of archaeological interest. Restrictions imposed in the protected zone, however, have not been very effective. Last year, a sports stadium was built in an open area of the Bhir Mound, the first city site. Orders have now been issued for its demolition.

The ancient city of Taxila, located in the northwestern region of Pakistan, offers a glimpse into the rich cultural heritage and diverse history of the region. From its early beginnings as a Neolithic tumulus to its evolution into a major Buddhist center of learning, Taxila has seen the influence of Persia, Greece, and Central Asia. Today, the remains of this historic city are inscribed in the World Heritage List and continue to inspire awe and wonder. Despite ongoing challenges to its preservation, including the effects of weathering, industrialization, and population growth, the government of Pakistan is working to protect and preserve this important site for future generations.